segunda-feira, 12 de maio de 2014

A história do Trabalho – Parte 2



O trabalho de caça e coleta

 Por Daniel de Nardi


Após o que o professor chamou de ´´deu um gelo´´, que foi a era glacial há cerca de 150 mil anos e que secou nosso habitat natural, que eram a árvores, caímos num mundo novo e totalmente desconhecido, o chão. Nas árvores sabíamos nos virar e sobreviver, na terra não conseguíamos ser mais velozes que um rato ou uma galinha, não tínhamos olfato apurado e nem uma boa visão noturna para fugir dos predadores. O trabalho desse período era manter-se vivo. 


 


Preservar a espécie era o melhor que poderíamos fazer, o homem trabalhava apenas para ele mesmo. Precisamos de alguns milhares de anos de alimentação de insetos para nos darmos conta de que com as mãos, poderíamos agarrar um pedaço de pau e caçar bichos maiores e mais saborosos.

Nesse momento o homem deixa de lado a coleta para passar à caça. Caçar exige muito mais esforço, planejamento e dedicação. O homem caçador tornou-se, desde aquela época, escravo de seu trabalho. Somente quando trabalhava bem conseguia alimentar-se e dar de comer à sua prole.

 O trabalho passou a ser uma obrigação que deveria ser feita todos os dias, afinal não sabíamos se a caça daria certo naquele dia ou não. Ao contrário dessa era, no tempo em que vivíamos nas árvores o labor era algo que se fazia apenas quando necessário.


Agricultura


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

Há mais de 12 mil anos, na pré-história do período neolítico surgiu a agricultura, baseada em duas observações:

1. Notamos que ao colocar alguns grãos na terra, esses seriam semeados, cresceriam e dariam origem a muitos outros na planta que nascia. Isso permitiu que nossa maior riqueza na época, o alimento, se multiplicasse.

2. Constatamos que em alguns períodos era mais difícil caçar. Concluímos por tanto, que se colhêssemos sementes conseguiríamos armazenar o alimento por muito mais tempo o que nos manteria vivos em épocas de ´´vacas magras´´.

A agricultura possibilitou ao homem se estabelecer em uma região, não precisando mais correr atrás da presa e se deslocar por territórios desabitados. Com mais permanência no mesmo lugar geramos riquezas e melhoramos por conseqüência nosso padrão de vida. No entanto, acabamos por desnaturalizar o ambiente, desmatando a vegetação nativa para implantar a monocultura de poucas plantas.

Buscamos sempre maior quantidade com menor variedade. Posteriormente passamos a utilizar pesticidas e outros elementos químicos, causando um grande impacto no solo, na água, na fauna e na flora das regiões exploradas.


O escambo e o comércio


 

Até esse momento da história o trabalho tinha um único propósito: sobrevivência. Caso ele nos proporcionasse subsistência estava cumprido seu papel. Surge timidamente o comércio que se inicia pelo processo de troca direta. Na verdade o ser humano sempre usou o câmbio de produtos quando tinha uma necessidade imediata. Com o passar do tempo, o comércio se organizou e se consolidou.

Concentrava-se principalmente em cidades que eram pontos de passagem de peregrinações religiosas. Ele foi a primeira manifestação institucionalizada de vontades mais elaboradas. Há cerca de 3000 anos, o homem começou a não se contentar apenas em alimentar-se ele desejava sabores diferentes e sensações inéditas.

Surgem nessa época os artesões que introjetaram na sociedade a troca do trabalho pela auto-estima ou pela utilidade de seus produtos. Os seus afazeres eram realizados em oficinas construídas nas casas dos próprios artesãos, utilizando poucas ferramentas, energia humana, animal e hidráulica, para criar um produto único e não padronizado.

Um artesão conseguia realizar todo o trabalho sozinho, às vezes se aliava a um grupo para dividir as etapas do processo da produção. Esse processo se chamava manufatura, pois não havia o uso de máquinas. Com cada vez mais produção, as trocas começaram a ficar mais elaboradas , gerando a necessidade de criar uma moeda.

Esse é outro momento muito marcante na história do labor. Até então, nenhum trabalho tinha um valor determinado, era algo subjetivo, todas as realizações valiam o preço da subsistência ou da necessidade de outros. A partir da moeda, o trabalho começou a ter diferentes valores. Iniciou-se também a especialização, por mais rude que ainda pudesse ser.

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